Wheelchair Ergonomics: Implications for Vocational Participation
By Arthanat, Sajay; Strobel, Wendy; Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 97-109Publication Date: 2006
Article provides a research review on wheelchair seating, propulsion, and transportation, which the authors contend are the three main factors in wheelchair ergonomics in vocational settings. Seating systems that include pressure relief cushions such as the Ergodynamic Seating System utilize an oscillating pump that inflates one part of the cushion while deflating another at regular intervals. This can provide pressure relief and vascular flow to skin tissues, which can help to prevent pressure ulcers. Air-filled Roho cushions are also designed to promote pressure relief, though they have been found to decrease stability and do not provide for adequate pelvic positioning. Alternate modes of wheelchair propulsion have been found to be superior to pushrim propulsion in terms of safety and efficiency. The Wijit from Superquad and the HelixSphere are examples of lever-driven wheelchairs with built-in hub gears and brakes. These systems allow the user to employ the larger muscles in the arms and shoulders rather than overextending the hands and wrists, which can often lead to injuries. Pushrim activated power assisted wheelchairs such as the JWII-Yamaha, the e-motion, and the I-glide utilize torque sensors to determine the amount of force required by the user. Micro-controllers then supply the appropriate amount of power to each wheel via motors. Proper modes of wheelchair transportation are also discussed, as wheelchair tie-downs and occupant restraints are vital to wheelchair safety. Tie-downs are used to secure the wheelchair to the floor of the vehicle, while the occupant restraint system holds the upper back and lower torso of the individual in the event of an accident.
Assistive Products Discussed: INDEPENDENCE IGLIDE MANUAL ASSIST WHEELCHAIR
E-MOTION
WIJIT
ROHO AIRLITE CUSHION
Published by: IOS Press (Website:http://www.iospress.nl)
This publication is included in the library of the National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC), accession number J50603
